Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire
95GHENGIS KHAN
Genghis Khan (1162-1227) was an evil genius and tyrant, a man who not only rejoiced in slaughter, but who also commanded the killing of innocent men, women, and children as his mounted minions raped, pillaged, and plundered wherever they went. For centuries Genghis Khan has been infamous as history’s most ruthless, genocidal maniac. Genghis was a huge man with cat’s eyes, who kept a harem of hundreds of girls. He was also responsible for implementing the first alphabet and postal system among his people.
THE MONGOLS
The Asiatic Mongols were the most advanced fighting machine of their time; they not only had the world’s finest cavalry soldiers---but were considered by far the most brutal. Mongol soldiers survived both winter blizzards and summer droughts. They fought tigers with their bare hands, and were indifferent to suffering of their own or anyone else’s; they were cold, unfeeling, and mechanical. These soldiers were expected to fight to the death in all circumstances, and they did without question. Each soldier kept from twelve to thirty horses.
The Mongols featured a battlefield communication system; they used banner signals by day and flares by night. By the year 1300, the Mongols introduced gunpowder cannons, bamboo rockets, and incendiary grenades to the battlefield; they were indestructible in their acts of destruction.
All Mongol boys were trained early in the art of mastering a bow with 150-pound tension; a bow that could be fired with deadly accuracy from horseback at a distance of 100 yards. These soldiers could ride for days without food or water, and when necessary they subsisted on blood which was drawn from the veins in their horses’ legs.
MONGOL INVASIONS
Genghis proclaimed himself Khan (King) of the world in 1206, and within a decade he began his methodical annihilation of Muslim cities. The Mongol soldiers would hack to pieces every living person regardless of their age. Captured royal officials would die a slow and painful death as molten silver was dripped into their eyes and ears; their torture was also the means of their execution. At the great trading city of Samarkland, Genghis slaughtered 50,000 people, and took another 100,000 as slaves. On his subsequent rampage through the countryside, Genghis burnt crops, leveled cities, and killed every living human being he encountered. He showed no mercy; he was in fact, merciless.
MONGOL EMPIRE
In 1221, the Mongols conquered the Christian nation of Georgia, killing all 70,000 of their soldiers. Next came Kiev, where Genghis butchered all 90,000 men in the opposing force. The Prince of Kiev was suffocated to death beneath the very same banquet table on which the Mongols would enjoy their victory dinner. In both of these wars, the Mongols used the tactic of a fake retreat to draw the enemy into chasing them---thus drawing their enemy into a well planned ambush by their much larger force. The Mongolian cavalry rode for two years without ceasing; they covered a total of 5500 miles, and they conquered twelve nations in what is considered the most outstanding achievement in the history of war waged on horseback. Hence came the legend of the Mongol’s invincibility. At that point in time, it seemed as if all of Europe would be slaughtered, enslaved, or subjugated by the Mongols. It looked as if Genghis would conquer the world.
MONGOL INVASIONS OF EUROPE
Batu, Genghis’ grandson, had so completely destroyed the Bulgarian capital of Bulgar, in the year 1237 that it was never rebuilt. 50,000 people died there. Next, they attacked Russia, where they hacked civilians to pieces, indulged themselves in the rape of little girls and nuns before killing them, skinned people alive. Other victims were impaled, and some were burned. The Mongols destroyed Kiev in 1240, then the capital of the “Borderlands” (“Ukraine” in Slavic.) This splendid metropolis was reduced to a pile of skulls and bones; it was decimated, nothing more than a shell of a city, left and forgotten in the Mongol’s desire to destroy everything.
Next up for annihilation was Hungary. The Mongols slaughtered 60,000 of their soldiers on the battlefield before burning its capitals, Buda and Pest. The capitals themselves were burnt to the ground in 1241, and their citizens roasted alive on spits in the hope that they would reveal the locations of Hungary’s treasure. They then marched on to Vienna, Austria; shortly after, Mongol spies were seen in Croatia and Venice, setting off panic there as well.
The Mongol Horde also conquered Poland, where they obliterated the entire Polish aristocracy and army, as well as the Knights Templar and Teutonic Knights. They lopped the ears off the fallen to commemorate the victory; the ears filled nine enormous sacks. They burned down Moravia before inexplicably leaving Europe; every city they’d conquered had been left in ashes.
MONGOLS INVADE PERSIA
The Mongols had then decided that their next target would be to hit Islamic Persia. They devastated Baghdad in 1258, where they unleashed one of the biggest and bloodiest massacres known to human history. After the city surrendered, every living thing was killed including more than a million civilians. Baghdad, like the other cities, was then burnt to the ground. The caliph was sewn into a carpet, and then trampled to death by horses. Syria fell next to the Mongols.
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MONGOLS FINALLY DEFEATED
The Mongols were finally defeated in the Valley of Armageddon by the Mamluks from Egypt. The myth of Mongol invincibility was now destroyed forever, and Islam began its resurgence from the near oblivion to which the Mongols had reduced it. Since Muslims were the only people to ever defeat the Mongols on the battlefield, speculation was that perhaps God really did favor Islam.
My source for this article is the fabulous and highly recommended series "The Christians."
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Trish_M— Yes I have noticed that. God ordered the deaths of the people living in Canaan for the best of reasons: they were Devil worshipers. Their demonic "god" Molech (or Baal) was fed by burning infants alive in fiery furnaces.
With all respect to Bbudoyono, the Mongols weren't exactly defeated in their invasion of Java in 1293. The Yuan forces that had been assembled by Kublai Khan had pretty much defeated all forces they met and sacked several cities in Java along the way.
This invasion force of 30,000 was sent to Java after King Kertanegara of Singhasari refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and branded the face of the Yuan minister-envoy (and cut off his ears).
Before this invasion force was even able to reach Java, perpetual provincial skirmishes lead to King Kertanegara's murder on the part of Jayakatwang (of the state of Singhasari. Raden Wijaya was the son-in-law of Kertanegara, but was pardoned by now controlling ruler, Jayakatwang and given the Tarik timberland of Java.
Upon hearing of the approaching Yuan forces, Wijaya aligned himself with the Mongol (and Chinese) invaders. Wijaya attacked Jayakatwang with little success and had to seek aid from the Yuan forces, pledging his loyalty to them upon this union. The Mongols fought a Java force of 100,000 men, driving many into a river where they drowned.
Jayakatwang was defeated and the Yuan forces celebrated. Wijaya invited the Yuan Generals and a small force of soldiers to his province so he could pay proper tribute and submit a letter of submission, that they never received from King Kertanegara. But, Raden Wijaya was a manipulative sabatoueur and orchestrated an ambush of this Yuan envoy. Wijaya then mounted a surprise attack against the unsuspecting Yuan camp, which had to retreat back to its ships and retreat from Java.
This expedition was considered a failure, but the Mongols never suffered a defeat in battle. It was more of a panicked retreat due to a loss of key personnel.
Also, it is important to note that this happened during the reign of Kublai Khan, not his grand-father Genghis Kahn. Kublai wasn't as much of a world conqueror as he was emperor of the Kahn Dynasty.
Mongolian— Thank you!! Thank you very much! :D
JabbaToz— Thank you! Thank you very much. :D
"The truth is that the Mongol soldiers would hack to pieces every living person regardless of their age. "
Had you noticed, James, that this is exactly the sort of thing that God is reported as ordering, in the Old Testament?
nuuts tovchoo the history book of mgl
Ethan Symons— It is you who are an imbecile, and an apologist for murderous evil as well. I am sure you think Jeffrey Dahmer was simply misunderstood.
I have told the truth in my article. As I wrote, Genghis Khan commanded the killing of innocent men, women, and children as his mounted minions raped, pillaged, and plundered wherever they went.
The truth is that the Mongol soldiers would hack to pieces every living person regardless of their age. Captured royal officials would die a slow and painful death as molten silver was dripped into their eyes and ears.
At the great trading city of Samarkland, Genghis slaughtered 50,000 people, and took another 100,000 as slaves. On his subsequent rampage through the countryside, Genghis burnt crops, leveled cities, and killed every living human being he encountered.
Genghis attacked Russia, where his men hacked civilians to pieces, indulged themselves in the rape of little girls and nuns before killing them, skinned people alive. Other victims were impaled, and some were burned. The Mongols destroyed Kiev in 1240, then the capital of the “Borderlands” (“Ukraine” in Slavic.) This splendid metropolis was reduced to a pile of skulls and bones; left and forgotten in the Mongol’s desire to destroy everything.
In Hungary, Mongols burned its capitals, Buda and Pest, and their citizens roasted alive on spits. They lopped the ears off the fallen in Poland to commemorate a victory there; the ears filled nine enormous sacks.
They devastated Baghdad in 1258, where they unleashed one of the biggest and bloodiest massacres known to human history. After the city surrendered, every living thing was killed including more than a million civilians. Baghdad, like the other cities, was then burnt to the ground. The caliph was sewn into a carpet, and then trampled to death by horses.
These are the people you think so wonderful, Beelzebub. Go back into your abyss.
genghis khaan's real name is Temujin
You obviously have no idea what you are talking about. You are just parroting a bunch of thousand-year old fears and prejudices invented by people who were scared of anything different than themselves. the mongol warriors were fierce, but no more savage than any others. Genghis gave the people freedom of speech and religion and allowed the lowest, poorest individual to rise to the rank of general or aristocrat through talent. and he didn't keep a harem of girls either - that was his son Ogedei, who indulged in wine and women against the strict rules set by his father. Next time don't insult someone's memory until you know who they were.
personhureadthis— You are quite welcome! Thank you for taking the time to read my article. :)
thx this is quite helpful
Mohammed Qasim-- Thank you very much for the awesome accolades! I appreciate this visitation from you and your outstanding remarks, which are both insightful and thoughtful.
I enjoyed reading both of your comments. I agree with you that the defeat of the Mongol hordes by the Muslims helped save Europe. And, yes, there is no doubt Genghis was courageous. But, as you said, I don't think either of us would wish to meet him! :D
Thanks again for engaging. It is good to hear from you.
James
what would have happened to Europe if Muslims didn't defeat the Mongols! this event has changed the course of history for the good of Europe!
I liked your writing skill, you don't get this everyday, salute to you, Sir!
I knew that Muslims (specifically Arabs) were the ones to defeat him but never knew that he did all this destruction in Europe too, i thought he had only swept through Asia..very nice information there...i don't know why some people would ever like him, i may respect his courage to destroy his enemies but would never like him or ever wish to meet him!
louromano— You are welcome. Thank you for the great compliments. Welcome to the HubPages Community! :)
Thanks james. I love your works.Best regards!
Tajik Uighur Khan— Thank you very much for taking the time to read my article and post your comments.
I did mention the alphabet, as well as the postal system Genghis Kahn founded. I issued high praise for the military capabilities and innovations of the Mongols—that is what they are most famous and remembered for. And I also showed the amount of vast land Genghis counquered—what you call "unified." :D
I did not write this insult anybody. Are you saying the hundreds of thousands of civilians, including women, children, and babies, who were slaughtered, butchered and tortured should not have been mentioned? Would you write an article about Adolf Hitler and not mention the Holocaust?
I realize he is a hero in Mongolia, and rightfully so. In the West, this is why he is remembered—mass murder of innocents. There is nothing racist about reporting the facts. Is there?
As per Wikipedia....Genghis Khan advanced the Mongol Empire in many other ways. He decreed the adoption of the Uyghur script as the Mongol Empire's writing system. He also promoted religious tolerance in the Mongol Empire, and created a unified empire from the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. Present-day Mongolians regard him as the founding father of Mongolia.
This is insulting a great man who is a God in Mongolia. You have just put forward a one sided, fragmented, non academic version of a racist whos ego is hurt!
Rebecca E.— What a pleasure to hear from you again. Thank you for taking the time to come over and read my Hub. No apology is necessary at all. I'm just glad you read my article. Thank you for your compliments. And you are quite welcome. :)
I first must apologize for not reading this sooner... much sooner. I have to say this is a wonderful hub, I did know about teh European invasion-- but not about Eygpt. So adding to my boat of knowledge you are James, my sincere thanks.
Mongol— Thank you very much for sharing your point of view with me. I appreciate also you taking the time to visit my Hub and read my article.
I am interested in the 30 episode series about Chinggis Khaan. What is the name of it? What language is it in?
You might be right about the way historians in the west view him. I know he is a big national hero in your country.
Although, i personally think the movie Mongol and BBC's doc didnt cover much information about Chinggis Khaan( the way actual mongoalians call). Theres 30 episode series about Chinggis Khaan. It is very well written and directed movie. I reccommend it! One thing about all these brutal massacares, it is a FACT that some history writers didnt really liked Chinggis Khaan because of at that time people didnt kno shit about mongol and its people. They may have wrote it misleading way. I do think that if you see from genghis khan's view, is that having less army and almost everytime outnumbered army made him do the massacres. He had one simple rule! Be with us and show support or die and lot of times people either didnt kno about them or understimdate and challenged Chingis khaan. He beat the all odds maybe thats what suprised historians much that they didnt want to tell good side of stories of Chingis. My point of view!
Bbudoyono— I did not know that. Thank you for the enlightenment. I appreciate this visit from you and your comments.
The Mongol army invaded Java in 1292 but it was defeated.
Chandrashekhar Kulwe— Thank you!! Thank you very much! :D
Good and knowledgeable
Jenda— "The Secret History of the Mongolian." I will watch that one. Thank you for the recommendation!
sorry.. The Secret History of the Mongolian.. that is real book
"Mongols" movie is not real something fantastic story... I like it Mongolian Genghis Khans the movie. that is Drama many part i dont know exactly. around 70 part it created by "Secret of Mongolian history"
jenda— Thank you for visiting my Hub. I appreciate your comments. I looked for that film by the BBC. It doesn't appear to have been released in America for some reason.
Mugi— Thank you for all six of your comments. I am glad you found my article. It is a real treat to hear from a Mongolian about this topic.
I appreciate the recommendation of the BBC film. I will try to rent it ASAP.
Thanks again! And you are most welcome.
James
princesswithapen— Thank you for the laudations. I am glad you like my Hub. I very much appreciate this visitation from you. I will be over soon to see what you've been writing lately.
I saw the film "Mongol" but I was not impressed.
I agree with Mugi.
watch this movie. BBC TV's Genghis Khan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3OYQ1SFkqA&feature
that is better choice
Some people is knowledge not good and too pity. pls guys more read this History.
Watch this movie. BBC TV Genghis Khan
Ghengis Khan wasn't evil. he is in the history of the world ranking number 1 great khan.
Chingis Khans 4th son Ugudei Khan.He's creating the silk road and Buy the way having the largest number of descendants and he did for modern civilization.
Thank you caretakerray... your comments sounds very very nice.
Hunnu's the first creators of the Mongolian State founded a powerful empire in the fourth century BC to become immortal in the history of Central Asia and Mongolia. you guys if you need more information you find from internet like this "Hunnu Empire". Attila is from Hunnu Empire also Mongolian Khan
pls... just watch
Thank you James... Talking about all my Mongolian history.
James
I recently saw the movie Mongol. One of my friends suggested it to me and when I asked her what it was about, she replied "Just watch it. I am not going to tell you the story or the plot. Just watch it" And I loved it how they did not reveal until the end that the story was about Genghis Khan. That, was quite an eye opener for me, not having the slightest clue what the movie was about until just before the final credits rolled out.
This hub was awesome. It was amazing to read about some of the facts about Genghis Khan and how the Mongol plundered virtually about everything in their path.
Princesswithapen
jishu bhatto— I am not sure but from where I am sitting Chengiz seems the most cruel of the three—or at least the most destructive and the one responsible for the most deaths.
I am glad you were mesmerized by my Hub. Thank you for saying so!
The never ending fact of history mesmerised me !
Who was the most cruel person among Attila the Hun , Chengiz and Timur Long ?
platinumOwl4— Hello again, my friend. Yes, that Genghis and that Attila were both some characters alright.
The history of the world has been filled with barbarity and atrocity. Of that there is no doubt. Will it end? Will there be heaven on earth? Utopia?
I wouldn't hold my breath. :D
Thank you ever much for visiting and commenting. I do appreciate it.
Hello James A Watkins, I truly appreciate this article. It speaks to the barbarity of war and what atrocities occur. The following question was asked of on a job interview: who are your heroes and why? My reply was Genghis Khan and Attila the Hun, because when they did a job everyone knew who was responsible and when Attila left a city it is said of him,"he would chopped down trees and pour salt in the stump so it would not regenerate.
wba108@yahoo.com— Yes, I too find the Mongols fascinating. I am glad you enjoyed this article. Thank you for sharing your insights. I appreciate the visitation. It is always a pleasure to hear from you. :D
James A Watkins - The Mongols are a very interesting topic, I think its fascinating what they did but i'm of course glad they were finally beaten. I didn't know they ever lost in battle. I know there was one battle between the mongols and thier allies vs the entire western Roman empire and thier allies it ended with the complete destruction of the Mongols calvary and the destruction of the western Roman empire, they considered it a draw.
Trish_M— Hey! Good to hear from you again. Of course it is more than OK—I appreciate the link very much and I'll come over ASAP to read your work. :-)
Hi :)
I have now written an item on Chingis Khan, so I'll put a link to this hub. I hope that's ok?
graceomalley— The Crusades seem to have ended without a lot of net effect. Ground was regained, and then lost again. I think you are right in that the Mongols do not have a modern representation for which to demonize by the Muslim world. You don't hear much about the ravages of Muslim peoples by the Mongols, as you say. The conflict between Islam and the Christian Faith continues, unfortunately.
Thank you for reading my work. It is meaningful for me that you do. :-)
"The sack of Baghdad put an end to the Abbasid Caliphate, a blow from which the Islamic civilization never fully recovered."
I have often heard the Crusades blamed for damaging Muslim civilization and putting it on a downward path - this indicates the Mongols were even more responsible. A fact of history one seldom hears now - the conflict is framed Muslim against Christian. I wonder why the Mongols are forgotten enemies for Muslims? They were brutal enough, as described. Maybe because they don't have modern day representatives? Because the conflict was not religious in nature, so does not appeal to religious feeling?
harrison8bal— Thank you!! Thank you very much! :D
ahh another great history hub by you I loved it the only downsides of this hub is that it ended so quickly D:
Jhangora— Cool. Thank you for your comments. I appreciate you coming by to visit my humble Hub. Welcome to the Hub Pages Community!
Chingis Khan is one of my favorite Historical figures. I like him for creating the silk road and having the largest number of descendants ;)
Alladream74— You're welcome. I'm glad you liked it. Thanks!!
cristina327— Thank you for saying so, my dear. I am glad you came by to read this piece. I do appreciate your accolades. It is always a pleasure to hear from you, and you are truly welcome. :-)
A very informative read.Thanks
What an excellent hub it is. Truly very educational. I have never known before about such cruelty of Genghis Khan. Thank you for sharing this great wealth of information. Remain blessed always. Best regards.
not none— I apologize for the brevity of this article. Attnetion spans are short in this age of MTV. :D
bad info;not enough info
hanhan— Thank you for the inquiry. This article was written 1/29/10. You are welcome.
When did you write this?
I am doing a term paper and i have to cite my sources. Thanks!
nettraveler— Thank goodness for that safe buffer! :D
Thank you for reading my Hub. I appreciate your fine comments. Welcome to the Hub Pages Community!
Wow, I bounced from drbj's version to this one. Both hubs are great, in different ways. Like Trish M I suspect that Khan may have gotten a bad rap over the centuries. I'm glad to learn about him with a safe 800 year buffer between us.
Nitish jalali— You are welcome. Thank you very much for reading my work, and for leaving your kind compliments. I appreciate the feedback.
Hii james. glad to read ur article. you have given us such great information about Ghengiz khan. It was nice to read your article. I am looking forward to read all your articles. Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us..
writinghistory—Thank you for saying so. I'm well pleased that you liked the article—and the ending. I will check out that documentary. Thanks for that tip.
I very much appreciate your readship and I enjoyed your comments. God Bless.
nice piece sir ,
loved your ending- God was with them.........
really we dont have no idea sometimes things that might be true but are not mentioned out of political correctness.
so your last line esp after the fierce build up of the article comes as a welcome relief.like rambo 3 end scene dedicated to the gallant people of afghanistan.
wonder hw would someone write the history of present afghan war when it would be ok to admit 'perhaps God was with them...!
you should see behind the masks documentary on youtube.
mquee— It's great to hear from you again, kind sir. I, too, am a big history buff. Thank you for visiting and offering your accolades. And you are welcome.
Hi James, great historical peace. History is my favorite and this was very enjoyable reading. That it is clearly and so descriptively written only added to the enjoyment of reading. Thanks for sharing.
yo anonymous— You are welcome. Thank you for visiting my Hub. I am well pleased that the information I provided proved useful to you.
hey james thanks that was great
im doing an assignment on Genghis Khan for school
your page helped a lot thanks man
irfan— You are welcome. Thank you for visiting and commenting.
thanks a lot for useful information on Mongols history
billyaustindillon— Thank you for your kind compliments. I appreciate your thoughtful insights. I always enjoy reading your comments.
This was a superb account of the Mongols history and eventual demise. I do find it interesting the revisionists that have been getting around - much to do with some of the atheist writings ala Dawkins and Hitchins despite evidence to the contrary IMO. They have an audience now so they get more creedence. However the evidence from so many different countries and cultures suggests Genghis Khan was as the old saying goes was a "Mongrel of a Mongol"
rusticyeti— I did go and read the reviews of this book just now. It is very interesting. I am not a big fan of historical revisionism myself. I think the deaths, the massacres, at the hands of Genghis Khan are well documented.
It looks as though this book is focused on his descendants, some of whom were Christians, and most of whom were far more benevolent rulers.
As far as Genghis, there seems to be historical evidence of what happened at Samarkland, Kiev, Georgia, Bulgar (laid to waste so as to be out of existence as a city), Hungary, Poland, Persia, and Baghdad. That is an awful lot of disparate, unconnected, far-flung cultures with written histories about the massacres of Genghis Khan for it to all be fable, not to mention the archaelogical evidence.
Thank you for a thoughtful post and for bringing my attention to a book of which I was not aware. Welcome to the Hub Pages Community!
Jack Weatherford wrote a great book about Genghis Khan, which refutes much of what you are saying above, especially about him being so trecherous of a person and leader. For example, much of what we have heard about the brutality of Khan, Weatherford believes, was systematic gossip and scare tactics which his spies would spread so that cities and townships would surrender faster and make his conquests LESS bloody.
Below is a quote from an editorial review on Amazon: "...This colorful retelling discusses many of the innovations that marked Khan's rule and contributed to his success. Although his name is now erroneously associated with terror and slaughter, he showed surprising restraint during a time when few others in power did. He allowed freedom of religion, encouraged free trade, developed a paper currency, and observed diplomatic immunity. As he encountered new cultures, he adopted or adapted their best practices, and constantly updated his military strategies."
Amarbayar— I do believe that Genghis Khan was a human person, like us, yes. I thank you for visiting my Hub. I appreciate your remarks.
Actually our king was not a evil or some part of god things people he was a human like us. kkkkk First read a lot then try to argue about history. You people have no idea about our Mongol kkkk. Well Good luck!!!
TwoCents— Yes, you are correct. The Poles have long been noted for bravery in battle. Thank you for your interesting insights. I appreciate the visitation and your words.
James,
There is one thing I need to mention to you about the Mongol invasion of Poland. Though all you said was correct that the Mongols obliterated the Polish aristocracy and army, and filled up nine sacks of cut ears; it is also known that the Polish army put up a good fight before its obliteration, and the Mongol casualties were in fact high in Poland; which made the greatly reduced surviving Mongol army having to leave Poland and rejoin the more successful Mongol army in Hungary. Although, the Polish slow-down of the Mongols was not a blow as big as the one from the Egyptians, as you put it.
NUH— Thank you! I am well pleased that you liked it. I do understand that Mongolians are proud of Genghis. I mean, they don't have a lot else in their history to glorify. No offense intended. I love your commentary! Your remarks are insightful and thoughtful. I appreciate you visiting my Hub and leaving your words. I enjoyed reading them.
I like your article JAmes!!! And I totally agree to you that Genghis Khan was evil and the most cruel and merciless man in history.
I disagree to Trish M in saying that any other man in Genghis' position would ahve done the same. In 6th century, Muslims do were in the similar position when they conquered Iraq, Iran, Arminiah, Syria, Palestine and Egypt but they didn't kill anyone after they have captured the cities. Even the captured and conquered epople consider them the true symbol of humanity.
By telling this I don't mean to praise Muslims, even Alexander during his era only conquered the cities but the great massacre of cities is only observed by Genghis Khan and his successors. Wikipedia sources definitely show the other side of history, the side of Genghis' people. He was great according to them beacuse he united them and made them to conquer the half world.
But this is the fact that Genghis Khan was exceptionally cruel and love to do cruelty and killings. And I don't think that anyone could deny the fact.
Parker— You are most welcome. Thank you for your warm words.
Thanks so much! i am also using this for a reserch paper! and it is helping alot! thanks you alot James!
Cesar Salcedo— Thank you! Thank you very much. Your note makes me happy. You are welcome to use my material any time. Congratulations!
Great, Great article. Im the high school student from Harlem that ask for permission to use this hub as my information source. I was successful in writing my Reasearch Paper. I got an A because the information was so relavent. Thanks again!
Lothar Loc'Nar— That would be interesting. I'd put my money on Genghis. Thank you for visiting and leaving your comments.
I would've liked to seen who would have come out alive between Attlilla the Hun and Gingus Khan having their entire military might in the height of each ones military career. Ahh I smell a good time traveling or dimensional rift movie in the works.
theindianblues— You are welcome. I appreciate you becoming my fan. I'll check out your work, too. Welcome to the Hub Pages Community! :)
Thanks James for such a nice article. It is very informative and took me to the Mongolian history and it made me to become your fan! Now I am reading the entire history of Chenghis Khan!! (We call him in this way).
QuestionAsker— No worries. Thank you for reading my article.
Forget about my question i have found the answer to it, sorry :)
Is this all prior knowledge or did u sight all of this information?
kaja_mel— Thank you very much. I am quite the history buff myself. I am glad you enjoyed it. And you're welcome.
Great work James. I love reading about ancient history. Thanks and good luck here.
terced ojos— He is the ultimate alpha male, alright. Thanks for this visit and your compliment. I think you'll do well with the cologne. :)
Wow...Ghengis huh? Can you say "Alpha Male." I think I'll start a line of colognes. "GHENGIS" or "KHAN" or "THE KHAN"...man i'll make a killin...um pardon the pun.
It appears Ghengis appeals to the base nature of this living soul.
Great Hub. I'm inspired to know more about him and the history of the Mongol people.
James A Watkins Hub Author 3 weeks ago
Mark Hooper— Thank you very much for tasking the time to read my article. I appreciate your extraordinary remarks.
I must say you know the history of the Mongols backwards and forwards. It was good of you to enlighten us further about this subject as you certainly have done.
And I never knew much at all about the history of Java so I am also well pleased to learn about this from you.
Amazing stuff!! Thanks again.